Issue 52

B. Paermentier et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 52 (2020) 105-112; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.52.09 112 finite element property. However, even without fulfilling the mesh size requirement, the DT3 simulation did approximate experimental data accurately. In future investigations, more advanced damage materials models will be implemented to improve the predictive performance of the numerical simulations. Furthermore, the GTN relations only considers isotropic ductile damage conditions as well as the physical mechanisms of ductile damage evolution. In order to include brittle damage, multiple extensions of the GTN model have been proposed. Some suggestions include a non-local probability approach; others are based on a clear brittle fracture criterion. However, these proposed models increase the calibration efforts considerably. Therefore, in future research more advanced numerical models are required as to implement anisotropic behaviour as well as temperature dependency without overcomplicating the calibration procedures. A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS he author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) via PhD fellowship grant 1SB6420N.. R EFERENCES [1] Zhu, X. K. and Leis, B. N. (2013). Ductile fracture arrest methods for gas transmission pipelines using Charpy impact energy or DWTT energy, Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 3(12), pp. 259-272. [2] Rivalin, F., Pineau, A., Di Fant, M. and Besson, J. (2001). Ductile tearing of pipeline-steel wide plates I. Dynamic and quasi-static experiments, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 68, pp. 329-345. [3] Luu, T. T. (2006). Déchirure ductile des aciers à haute résistance pour gazoducs (X100), École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, Paris. [4] ASTM International, (2019). ASTM A370 -19e1, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, West Conshohocken, PA. [5] Mannucci, G., Demofonti, G. and Di Biagio, M. (2005). X100 - Fracture initiation and propagation. [6] Zhu, X. K. (2015). State-of-the-art review of fracture control technology for modern and vintage gas transmission pipelines, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 148, pp. 260-280. [7] Chu, C. C. and Needleman, A. (1980). Void Nucleation Effects in Biaxially Streched Sheets, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 3(102), pp. 249-256. [8] Tvergaard, V. and Needleman, A. (1984). Analysis of the cup-cone fractured in a round tensile bar, Acta Metallurgica, 1(32), pp. 157-169. [9] Maxey, W. A., Kiefner, J. F., Eiber, R. J. and Duffy, A. R. (1971). Ductile fracture initiation, propagation, and arrest in cylindrical vessels, in Proceedings of the National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics Part II. ASTM STP 514, Illinois. [10] Rivalin, F., Besson, J., Pineau, A. and Di Fant, M. (2001), Ductile tearing of pipeline-steel wide plates II. Modeling of in-plane crack propagation, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, no. 68, pp. 347-364. [11] Nonn, A. and Kalwa, C. (2012). Simulation of ductile crack propagation in high-strength pipeline steel using damage models, in Proceedings of the 9th International Pipeline Conference, Calgary. [12] Thibaux, P. and Van den Abeele, F. (2009). Determination of crack initiation and propagation energy in instrumented Charpy V-notch impact tests by finite element simulations, in Pipeline Technology Conference, Ostend. [13] Besson, J.,Cailletaud, G., Chaboche, J.-L. and Forest, S. (2001). Mécanique non linéaire des matériaux, Paris: Hermes. [14] Ruggieri, C., Dodds, R. H. and Panontin, T. L. (1996). Numerical Modeling of Ductile Crack Growth in 3-D Using Computational Cell Elements, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Illinois. [15] Chen, Y. and Lambert, S. (2003). Analysis of ductile tearing of pipeline-steel in single edge notch tension specimen, International Journal of Fracture, 124, pp. 179-199. [16] Scheider, I., Nonn, A., Völling, A., Mondry, A.and Kalwa, C. (2014). A damage mechanics based evaluation of dynamic fracture resistance in gas pipelines, Procedia Materials Science, 3, pp. 1956-1964. [17] Talemi, R., Cooreman, S., Mahgerefteh, H., Martynov, S. and Brown, S. (2019). A fully coupled fluid-structure interaction simulation of three-dimensional dynamic ductile fracture in a steel pipeline, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 101, pp. 224-235. T