Issue 52

M. Saadatmand et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 52 (2020) 98-104; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.52.08 98 Focussed on the 1st Benelux Network Meeting and Workshop on Damage and Fracture Mechanics Study on the thermal cycle of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) carbon steel wall using numerical simulation Mohsen Saadatmand, Reza Talemi Department of Material Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium mohsen.saadatmand@kuleuven.be , reza.hojjatitalemi@kuleuven.be A BSTRACT . The thermal behavior in WAAM process is a significant cause for thermal stress. In this paper, a 3D model of a four-layer wall is built in ABAQUS software in order to investigate the thermal behavior in a carbon steel (ASTM A36) WAAM wall. Moreover, the effects of substrate preheating temperature and travel speed on the temperature distribution are studied. The modelling results show that with increase in number of deposited layers, the peak temperature increases but average cooling speed decreases. Furthermore, substrate preheating increases peak temperature of fist layer and decreases its average cooling speed. Regarding simulation results, the travel speed has major effects on the thermal behavior of deposited layers. K EYWORDS . Additive Manufacturing; Wire arc additive manufacturing; Finite element method; Low carbon steel. Citation: Saadatmand, M., Talemi, R., Study on the thermal cycle of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) carbon steel wall using numerical simulation, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 52 (2020) 98-104. Received: 24.10.2020 Accepted: 19.12.2019 Published: 01.04.2020 Copyright: © 2020 This is an open access article under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. I NTRODUCTION dditive manufacturing (AM) processes have become very noteworthy in recent years. They have many advantages in comparison to conventional processes [1]. The production of complex and individual components is possible with additive manufacturing processes. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a Directed Energy Deposition (DED) method, which uses an electric arc for melting the metallic materials [2]. The arc-based heat sources have recently attracted a lot of attention since they have proven the ability to produce large metallic structures [3]. The hardware cost for the WAAM system is typically an order of magnitude less than the laser powder systems and it can achieve deposition rates two orders of magnitude higher than laser powder systems (typically 2-4 kg/hour) [4]. Moreover, the WAAM process, in combination with a robot, also allows the production of complex geometries [5]. However, repeated heating and cooling cycles make a very large temperature gradient between the substrate and deposited layers, causing serious thermal stress, cracks, and even fracture of fabricated parts [6]. In order to manufacture a high-quality product, it is important to determine the interaction of each process parameter with the component properties. It is highly important to understand and control the temperature gradient and thermal stress for process optimization. According to Thompson et al. [7], the mechanical properties of the fabricated part are directly influenced by the microstructure, which drastically depends on the thermal history. As reported by Colegrove et al. [8], it is A