Issue 51

N. Benachour et alii et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 51 (2020) 45-51; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.51.04 46 not give good satisfactory results. A non local fatigue criterion has been proposed by Schwob et al. [5], with a single additional parameter compared to traditional criteria, by averaging a classical criterion over a damaged area. The analyzed domain by the global approach is between 10 2 and 10 5 cycles [6]. In experimental investigation, Hammouda and El-Batanony [7] have established a criterion in estimation of fatigue crack initiation life for notched plate under amplitude loading, stress ratio and radius at notch tip effects. The local elastic analysis was takes into the local stress amplitude    at a distance “d” from the tip of the notch. This approach was applied by Devaux et al. [8] in establishment a fatigue crack initiation criterion for low fatigue cycle. The established criterion was given by the curve ( , I N    ). This method was applied successfully by Batise at al. [9] in predicting of fatigue crack initiation of X65 pipeline steel. In Neuber’s analysis [10], a number of authors noted that this analysis overestimates the notch effect on fatigue crack initiation [11-13]. In study conducted by Ranganathan et al. [14] a short crack approach has been developed to determine the fatigue crack initiation life at notch tip. This approach is compared to conventional local-strain approach and it is shown that the short crack approach gives acceptable predictions as compared to experiments, in the 2024 T351 alloy. In the investigation of Agbessi et al. [20] an analysis of high cycle multi-axial fatigue crack initiation modes based on SEM observations is conducted. Also it is concluded that different modes of high cycle fatigue micro cracks initiation were observed under complex loading conditions at stress levels close to the median fatigue limit of the material at 10 6 cycles. A physics-based multi scale approach was developed by Zhang et al. [21] to predict the fatigue life of crystalline metallic materials. An energy-based damage and slip-based damage criterion is developed to model two important stages of fatigue crack initiation: the nucleation and the coalescence of micro cracks. In the present study, elastic analysis based on the knowledge of the local stresses amplitude at a distance from the tip of the notch presents best approach and is applied in 2024 T351 Al-alloy. Local’s stresses amplitude at distance “d” are determined numerically by finite element analysis and validated analytically using Creager approach. E VALUATION OF DISTRIBUTION OF STRESS NEAR THE NOTCH ROOT INITE ELEMENT n order to shown the effect of stresses concentrations on fatigue crack initiation, distribution of stress fields near the notch was determined analytically and numerically. This study was applied in aged hardening Al-alloy in four bend specimen with V-notch. The analytical calculations was made using the formulation of Creager approach [19] which gives the stress field near the tip of a hyperbolic notch loaded in tension (Fig. 1). Figure 1: System coordinate applied in the calculation of stresses in the notch root In opening mode, Creager equations are given by: 3 3 cos 1 sin sin . cos 2 2 2 2. 2 2 . 2 . 3 3 cos 1 sin sin . cos 2 2 2 2. 2 2 . 2 . 3 3 sin cos cos . sin 2 2 2 2. 2 2 . 2 . I I xx I I yy I I xx K K r r r K K r r r K K r r r                                                      (1) In Eqn. 1, I K is the stress intensity factor given by Murakami [22] considering notch as a crack. The radius r and  are cylindrical coordinates shifted by  /2 with respect the notch root. We are interested in the component  xx given by Eqn. 2 (stress opening in cracking plane). I