Issue 50

J.M. Vasco-Olmo et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 49 (2019) 658-666; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.50.56 661 can be found. Finally, from analysis of the portion of the load cycle during which the crack is open, both the elastic and plastic components of the CTOD can be estimated from the variation in slope observed in the CTOD versus load curves. Figure 2 : (a) Horizontal and (b) vertical displacement fields measured with DIC for a crack length of 9.40 mm at a load level of 750 N. Figure 3 : Graphs to support the explanation given in the paper of the methodology used for locating the crack tip: (a) y -coordinate and (b) x -coordinate. E FFECT OF THE POSITION BEHIND THE CRACK TIP sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the influence of the distance behind the crack tip of the pair of points selected for the CTOD measurements, as this is clearly critical to interpreting CTOD data and correlating it with fatigue crack growth rate. The position of these two points behind the crack tip is given in Fig. 4 as L x in the direction of the crack plane and L y in the direction perpendicular to the crack. The coordinate axes have been modified establishing their origin at the coordinates found in the previous section for the crack tip. The sensitivity analysis involved measuring the CTOD at the maximum load as a function of one of the parameters, whilst maintaining the other one fixed. Fig. 5 presents the results of this analysis, with Fig. 5a plotting the CTOD as a function of L x for various value of L y and Fig. 5b giving it as a function of L y for different values of L x . As would be expected, CTOD values increase steadily with increasing distance behind the crack tip. The key observation from these data considering Fig. 5a is that for any particular L y value >10 pixels (136.9 µm) the CTOD reaches an upper bound limit for L x distances behind the crack tip approximately ≥ 120 µm. This is more clearly shown in Fig. 5b where for L x values approximately > 8 pixels (82.1 µm) the CTOD value attains a plateau at a L y distance of approximately 140 µm. This stable plateau region is the result of rigid body motion and indicates the boundary of the region undergoing crack tip deformation and its onset can hence be used to characterise the CTOD. The plateau region is indicated with the rectangle in Fig. 5b and encloses the CTOD values corresponding to the ranges 5–15 pixels (68.4–205.3 μm) for L x and 10–15 pixels (136.8–205.3 μm) for L y . This analysis demonstrates that the CTOD is accurately characterised by using data corresponding with the position of two points with a horizontal position L x = 5 pixels (68.4 μm) and vertical position L y = 10 pixels (136.8 μm) behind the crack tip. x (pixels) y (pixels) mm 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 x (pixels) y (pixels) mm 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0.145 0.15 0.155 0.16 0.165 0.17 0.175 0.18 y (pixels) verticaldisplacements (mm) y = 468 pixels ( v = 0.158 mm) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 x (pixels) vertical displacements (mm) x = 470 pixels v = 0.158 mm A (a) (b) (a) (b)