Issue 49

E. Abdelouahed et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 49 (2019) 698-713; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.49.63 712 • The fault approach to areas of ovalization of tension or compression locates and quickly promotes damage to the elbow. • The deformation in most of the studied structures occurs strongly and rapidly by temperature effect at two locations caused by the flattening of the cross-section. R EFERENCES [1] American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007, Factory-Made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings, B16.9, ASME, New York. [2] American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010, Power Piping, B31.1, ASME, New York. [3] American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010, Process Piping, B31.3, ASME, New York. [4] Comité Européen de Normalisation, 2002, “Metallic Industrial Piping-Part 3 : Design and Calculation,” Standard EN 13480-3, Brussels, Belgium. [5] Lee, S. H., and Wass, A. M. (1999). Compressive Response and Failure of Fiber Reinforced Unidirectional Composites, International Journal of Fracture, 100, pp. 275 - 306. [6] Palanivelu, S., Paepegem, W., Degrieck, J., Vantomme, J., Kakogiannis, D., Ackeren, J., Hemelrijik, D. and Wastiels, J. (2011). Crushing and Energy Absorption Performance of Different Geometrical Shapes of Small – Scale Glass Polyester Composite Tubes under Quasi Static Loading Conditions, Composite Structures, 93, pp. 992 – 1007. [7] Natsuki, T., Takayamagi, H., Tsuda, H. and Kemmochi, K., (2003). Prediction of Bending Strength for Filament-Wound Composite Pipes, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 22, pp. 695-710 [8] Kitching, R., Myler, P. and Tan, A.L. (1998). GRP Pipe Bends Subjected to Out-of-plane Flexure with and without Pressure,Journal of Strain Analysis, 23(4), pp. 187-199. [9] Kochekseraii, S.B. and Robinson, M., (2004). Flexural Behaviour of a Polyvinyl Chloride- lined Glass-Reinforced Plastic Composite multi-Mitred Pipe Bend Subjected to Combined Loads: A Comparative Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Case Study, Journal of Strain Analysis, 39(2), pp. 137-146. [10] Camilleri, D., Ellul, B., Muscat, M. (2014). Design-by-analysis Methods for Asymmetric or Unbalanced Cylindrical Composite Pressure Vessels, Proceedings of the ASME PVP2014, PVP2014-28130, Anaheim, California, USA. [11] Shao, Z. S., (2005). Mechanical and Thermal Stresses of a Functionally Graded Circular Hollow Cylinder With Finite Length, Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping, 82(3), pp. 155–163. [12] Kandil, A., El-Kady, A. A., and El-Kafrawy, A. (1995), Transient Thermal Stress Analysis of Thick-Walled Cylinders, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 37(7), pp. 721–732. [13] Bakaiyan, H., Hosseini, H. and Ameri, E. (2009). Analysis of Multi-Layered Filament Wound Composite Pipes under Combined Internal Pressure and Thermomechanical Loading with Thermal Variations, Composite Structures, 88, pp. 532- 541. [14] Ansari, R., Alisafaei, F., and Ghaedi, P. (2010). Dynamic Analysis of Multi-layered Filament Wound Composite Pipes Subjected to Cyclic Internal Pressure and Cyclic Temperature, Composite Structures, 92, pp. 1100-1109. [15] Xia, M., Kemmochi, K. and Takayanagi, H. (2016). Analysis of Filament-Wound Fiber- reinforced Sandwich Pipe under Combined Internal Pressure and Thermomechanical Loading, Composite Structures, 51, 3, 273-283. [16] Kubo, S. (1992), Inverse Problem, Baifukan, Tokyo (in Japanese). [17] Kim, S. H., Park, C. H. (2017). Direct impregnation of thermoplastic melt into flax textile reinforcement for semi- structural composite parts, Industrial Crops and Products 95, pp. 651–663. [18] Andersons, J., König, M. (2004). Dependence of fracture toughness of composite laminates on interface ply orientations and delamination growth direction. Composites Science and Technology. 64, pp. 2139-2152. [19] Wimmer, G., Schuecker, C., Pettermann, H.E. (2009). Numerical simulation of delamination in laminated composite components – A combination of a strength criterion and fracture mechanics. Composites Part B: Engineering. 40, pp. 158-165. [20] Wimmer, G., Pettermann H.E. (2009). Prediction of Delamination Growth in Laminated Structures Loaded by Quasi- static and Cyclic Loads. Journal of Composite Materials. 43, pp. 3303-3324. [21] Gözlüklü, B, Coker, D. (2012). Modeling of the dynamic delamination of L-shaped unidirectional laminated composites. Composite Structures. 94, pp. 1430-1442. [22] Gözlüklü, B. (2014). Modeling of intersonic delamination in curved-thick composite laminates under quasi-stastic loading [PhD]: Middle east technical university. [23] Garnish, M.R., and Akula, V.M.K. (2008). Review of Degradation Models for Progressive Failure Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, ASME Appl. Mech. Rev., 62(1), 010801-33