Issue 48

O. Plekhov et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 48 (2019) 451-458; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.48.43 453 samples through the recording of both crack propagation modes at constant stress amplitude and at constant stress intensity factor in each test. a) b) Figure 1: Geometries of samples: for uniaxial test (a), for biaxial test (b). Samples for biaxial testing were made of titanium alloy Grade 2 and were tested in the servo-hydraulic biaxial test system Biss BI-00-502 at Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. While testing, the samples were subjected to cyclic loading of 10 Hz at constant stress amplitude and at different biaxial coefficients η=Px/Py (1, 0.7, 0.5) and various ratios R (0.1, 0.3, 0.5). The crack length in the course of the experiment was measured by applying the optic method. To analyze the dissipated energy at the crack tip, a contact heat flux sensor was used. The proposed sensor is based on the Seebeck effect, which is the reverse of the Peltier effect. The Peltier effect is a thermoelectric phenomenon, in which the passage of electric current through a conducting medium leads to the generation or absorption of heat at the point of contact (junction) of two dissimilar conductors. The quantity of heat and its sign depend on the type of materials in contact and on the electric current direction and strength. A thermal contact between the sample and the sensor is provided by the introduction of a thermal paste. These sensors were calibrated using a device reproducing the sample during the test with a controlled heat flux. a) b) Figure 2: Stress intensity factor/applied load (a) and energy dissipation/crack length (b) histories during the uniaxial fatigue test. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 20 40 Stress intensity factor, MPa Time, s 0 5000 10000 Load, N Stress intensity factor Load 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 2 4 6 8 10 Crack length, mm Time, s 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Heat flux, W Crack length Heat flux