Issue 46

M. L. Puppio et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 46 (2016) 190-202; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.46.18 196 (a) (b) Figure 8 : Cars damaged during the flood (a) ; waste carried by the flow, collected in a service area before being disposed (b) . Among the damages to infrastructures, two bridges totally collapsed while many others were damaged. The latter did not cause further victims since the event took place during the night and rainfalls, though in an urban environment, were so intense to inhibit the road access. In this work, three significant study cases will be analysed with reference to three recurring crisis mechanisms illustrated in [10]. These are: (1) the parapet collapse; (2) the dragging of decks; (3) the bridge abutments or the access ramps erosion. The hydraulic load on the deck in case of overflow can favour the latter. Surveys actually reported that the stream overflew the three bridges. References to the three study cases are reported as follows. Their position is identified in Fig. 9. N° Name Technology Type River Road WGS 84 Coordinates 1 Tre Ponti masonry Arch Ardenza Viale Antignano 43°30’42’’ 10°19’06’’ 2 Limoncino r.c. Beam Maggiore Via delle Valicelle 43°31’39’’ 10°22’31’’ 3 Chioma r.c Beam Chioma Via Mario Puccini 43°26’56’’ 10°22’43’’ Table 6 : Study cases affected by the flood in Livorno. (a) (b) Figure 9 : Identification of study cases. The bridge 1 is localized in the urban area while the bridges 2 and 3 in a suburban one. The circle highlights the flooded area where the Rio Maggiore overflew (a) . Catching basins related to sections 1, 2 and 3 (b) .