Issue 45

G. Gomes et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 45 (2018) 67-85; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.45.06 84 Results of SIF, crack path and lives have been compared to DBEM. About SIF solutions, there were small difference between FEM and DBEM due to the different numerical methods. Crack path gave similar direction with almost none visual difference. Lives gave also small differences, but they are similar to the same differences with FE solutions. These life differences are due to the difference of SIF solutions obtained by methods. In summary, numerical proposed results have been found to be in good agreement with experimental ones. They also have shown that the DBEM provides high solution accuracy and greatly simplifies the modeling, especially when included in the OOP paradigm and associated with C++, because the objects interact with each other, searching, retrieving and exchanging necessary information with BEMLAB2D GUI, that provides flexibility to the BemCracker2D program. A CKNOWLEDGMENT he authors are grateful to the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) and to the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES) for the supporting funds for this research. The authors also thank the Graduate Programme in Structural Engineering and Civil Construction in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Brasilia. R EFERENCES [1] Blandford, G. E., Ingraffea, A. R. and Liggett, J. A. (1981). Two-dimensional stress intensity factor computations using the boundary element method, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 17, pp. 387-404. [2] Portela, A., Aliabadi, M.H., and Rooke, D.P. (1992). The dual boundary element method: Effective implementation for crack problems, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 33, pp. 1269-1287. [3] Ingraffea, A. R., Blandford, G. E. and Ligget, J. A. (1983). Automatic Modelling of Mixed-Mode Fatigue and Quasi- Static Crack Propagation Using the Boundary Element Method, Proc. of Fracture Mechanics: Fourteenth Symposium, ASTM STP 791, J. C. Lewis and G. Sines (Editors), ASTM, I, pp. 407-426. [4] Becker, A. A. (1986). The Boundary Integral Equation Method in Axisymmetric Stress Analysis Problems, Springer- Verlag, Berlin. [5] Myiazaki, N., Ikeda, T., and Munakata, T., (1989). Analysis of stress intensity factor using the energy method combined with the boundary element method, Comput. Struct., 33, pp. 867-871. [6] Chen, S.Y and Farris, T.N. (1994). Boundary element crack closure calculation of axisymmetric stress intensity factors, Comput. Struct., 50, pp. 491-497. [7] Bush, M.B. (1999). Simulation of contact-induced fracture, Eng. Anal. Boundary Elem., 23, pp. 59-66. [8] Miranda, A.C.O., Meggiolaro, M.A., Castro, J.T.P., Martha, L.F. and Bittencourt, T.N. (2002). Applications of Automation Technology in Fatigue and Fracture Testing and Analysis, in: M.P. Braun AA, Lohr RD (Eds.), Fatigue crack propagation under complex loading in arbitrary 2D geometries, ASTM STP, 1411, pp. 120-146. [9] Miranda, A.C.O., Meggiolaro, M.A., Castro, J.T.P., Martha, L.F. and Bittencourt, T.N. (2003). Fatigue life and crack path predictions in generic 2D structural components, Eng. Fract. Mech., 70, pp. 1259-1279. [10] Meggiolaro, M.A., Castro, J.T.P., (1998). ViDa 98 – a visual damagemeter to automate fatigue design under complex loading, Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecânicas, 20, pp. 666-685. [11] Aliabadi, M.H. (2002). The Boundary Element Method – Applications in Solids and Structures, Wiley, Chichester, 2. [12] Chan, S.K., Tuba, I.S., Wilson, W.K. (1970). On the finite element method in linear fracture mechanics, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2, pp. 1-17. [13] Rice, J.R. and Tracey, D. M. (1973). Computational Fracture Mechanics, in Numerical and Computer Methods in Structural Mechanics, Academic Press, New York. [14] Castro, J.T.P. and Meggiolaro, M.A. (2016). Fatigue Design Techniques: Vol. III - Crack Propagation, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. [15] Paris, P.C. (1962). The Growth of Fatigue Cracks Due to Variations in Load. PhD Thesis Lehigh University, USA. [16] Booch, G. (1994). Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, The Benjamin/Cumming Publishing Company. [17] Gomes, G., and Noronha, M.A.M. (2012). A B-Rep data structure and object GUI programming to implement 2D boundary elements. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation, 4, pp. 369-381. [18] Gomes, G., Delgado Neto, A.M. and Wrobel, L.C., (2016). Modeling and View of 2D Cracks Using Dual Boundary T