Issue 33

R. Sepe et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 33 (2015) 451-462; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.33.50 457 Loading cases Loading direction Value 1 Vertical axis (Z) g z = g 2 Longitudinal axis (X) g x =5 g 3 Transversal axis (Y) g y = g 4 Vertical axis (Z) g z = 3 g 5 Vertical and longitudinal axes Loading 1 and 2 6 Vertical and transversal axes Loading 1 and 3 Table 4 : Static loading cases. Loading cases Loading direction Value 7 Longitudinal axis (X) g x = ± 0.3 g 8 Transversal axis (Y) g y = ± 0.4 g 9 Vertical axis (Z) g z = 1.3 g 10 Vertical axis (Z) g z = 0.7 g Table 5 : Fatigue loading cases. The roof module structure is joined to the side members of the wagon by two types of joints: a simple cylindrical joint on a side (Fig. 8) and a double cylindrical joint on the other side (Fig. 9); using this scheme the structure of the roof module can freely deform along the transversal direction. Figure 8 : Simple cylindrical joint. Figure 9 : Double cylindrical joint. Full width/full-length, half-width/full-length and half-width/half-length modeling approaches can be used to determine static and fatigue behaviours of railway vehicles depending or not on the symmetry of roof structure, loads and on particularity of phenomenon. Analyzing loading and boundary conditions, it is possible to define two planes of symmetry for the problems: • Middle plane YZ: this type of symmetry is valid for transversal loads (Y), vertical (Z) and their combinations. • Middle plane XZ: this type of symmetry is valid for longitudinal loads (X), vertical (Z) and their combinations.