Issue 30

W. Tao et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 30 (2014) 537-544; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.30.64 538 segmentation plays a key role in the process and, to some extent, in the analysis of the images. The quality of the segmentation can directly affect the further understanding of the image. Thus, we need to perform an in depth research into the image processing technology of underwater bridge cracks. E XTRACTING INFORMATION ON UNDERWATER BRIDGE CRACKS Histogram image enhancement mage enhancement is needed after collecting and graying the crack image. Histograms are statistical tables about the gray levels of image distribution. Gray histogram images indicate that the relative frequency is about various gray levels of pixels. Generally, the grayscale is the abscissa of the histogram. The ordinate is the occurrence number of the grayscale probability [11]. In the crack images, cracks are the darker areas, while the background is relatively light in the process of gathering images. But the whole image is too dark due to lack of exposure. The area mixes with the background and is hard to distinguish, as shown in Fig. 1 (a). In Fig. 2 (a) we can see the original image’s grayscale values are concentrated on the gray area between 0-100. We have to extend the image grayscale values to distinguish the crack from the background. The low gray with high grayscale has created significant differences in the grayscale. Meanwhile, it would increase the contrast ratio of the image. As shown in Fig. 2 (b), the gray scope of the image has extended to the entire gray level (0-255). We can obtain crack images with a high contrast after performing equalization processing on the original image, as shown in Fig. 1 (b). (a) (b) Figure 1 : (a) Original image; (b) After enhancement. (a) (b) Figure 2 : (a) Original image’s gray histogram; (b) Gray histogram after enhancement. Spatial filtering The common method of spatial filtering adopts the neighborhood average and median filtering law. This paper applies the neighborhood average method to an ideal situation. In the ideal situation, many gray and constant small patches constitute I