Issue 15

I. S 42 Th the rem ins D a the orig cra nor cra Fig con righ Int Fig hea For con Wh oth Th usi com mix In elem the len tip at n  u j . Raju et alii, Fr e finite eleme left of the m ainder of th erted by intro nd E-H, nod connectivity inal nodes; ze cracks are mal to the jo ck as specifie . 5(c) ). Th secutive tow t tips of the erface and su . 9(a), the cra ting occurs, this reason trast, as sho en heating o er, as shown e capability o ng fracture m puted, it ca ity for plane this paper, th ent analysis defect tip [8 gth (  a ) of th in a 2D analy ode i . The ,k = u j – u k , ar attura ed Integri nt model an odel. (Note e paper.) Th ducing coinc es 2-4 are du of elements i.e., both set modeled ex ggle surface d by the De e craze crac ards the pan defect are to bstrate defec ze crack sur the two craz , friction is wn in Fig. 9 ccurs, the tw in Fig. 12(b) f a structure echanics ana n be compar strain). e G calculat , the VCCT -10]. In the e elements a sis. The def internal fo e used to eva tà Strutturale, 1 d terminolog that the orie e substrate a ident nodes, plicated to c E-H is modi s of nodes h plicitly by us , as shown in fect Location ks are num el acreage, an wards the acr Figure 10 Figure ts interact wi faces above e crack edges included in (b) , the craz o craze crac . with an emb lyses; i.e., the ed to materia ion for the d uses the nod analyses in t head and be ect tip is rep rces at node luate the ind 5 (2011) 35-49 y are present ntation of Fi nd coating m as demonstr reate new no fied to use th ave identical ing coinciden Fig. 10. Th Index. Lo bered consec d positive-nu eage and tow : Plane-strain 11 : Defect m th the craze an interface d may come i the finite ele e crack surf k edges may edded defec problem is n l toughness efects is perf al forces at th his paper, th hind the defe resented by n i and the r ividual G com ; DOI : 10.3221/I ed in Fig. 10 g. 10 is oppo aterials are s ated i n Fig. des 2'-4'. Th e new nodes coordinates. t nodes in th e defects ar cation 0 corr utively from mbered craz ards the jogg model for frac odeling in the cracks differe efect are co nto contact a ment model aces above a come into c t can be desc o longer a st values for th ormed via th e node at th e finite eleme ct tip was of ode i . Elem elative displ ponent valu GF-ESIS.15.05 (mesh is exc site to Fig. 8 hown in yello 11. To insert e connectivi 2'-4'. These Nodes 1 an e finite elem e placed sym esponds to t Location 0 e cracks are le, respective ture mechanic finite element ntly for elev mpletely disc nd try to slid to account substrate de ontact, but ribed using t ress analysis e different m e Virtual Cr e defect tip a nt models w equal size. ents I and J c acements be es as luded for cla . The orient w and blue, a subsurfac ty of elemen new nodes a d 5 define t ent mesh. T metrically an he craze crac . Negative consecutive d ly. s analyses. mesh. ated tempera onnected fro e past each for the craz fect are con they are restr he total defe problem. O odes of fract ack Closure T nd the displa ere develope Fig. 13 show ontribute to tween node rity). The pa ation of Fig. respectively. e defect betw ts A-D is left re initially co he defect tip he craze cra d directly un k at the jogg -numbered c own the jogg ture conditio m the substr other, as sho e crack edge nected to su ained from ct driving for nce the defec ure (Mode I echnique (V cements at t d such that t s local mode the internal f s j and k ,  w nel acreage i 10 i s used in The defects een element unaltered, w incident with s. Similarly, cks are orien derneath a c le shoulder raze cracks le. The left ns. As show ate material. wn i n Fig. 12 interaction. bstrate mate sliding past e ce G T calcul t driving forc , II, and/or t CCT). In fi he nodes beh he element e ling at the de orces, Z i and j,k = w j – w k s to the are s A- hile the the ted raze (see are and n in As (a) . In rial. ach ated e is heir nite ind dge fect X i , and